numberofmoleculespresentinabsorbingmaterialandthethicknessofthemedium.Thus,intensityoflightenergyleavingtheabsorbingsubstanceisusedasanindicationofconcentrationofthatparticularsubstance.AsshowninFiguresand,ifIistheintensityofincidentlightincolouredsolutionandItisthetransmittedlight,thenaccordingtothislawIt=Ie-kct()andtransmissionT=It/I=e-kct()logeT=-kct()loge(/T)=kct()wherecistheconcentrationofabsorbingmaterial,tthicknessofthelightpath,andkabsorptionconstant.Thequantity(-logT)orlog(/T)istermedasextinctionE/ODortheabsorbance:A=log(/T)=log/(transmission)()A=-log(transmission).ThereforeA=kct.Iftisconstant,thenAαC.Inthissystem,thebasicrequirementistomeasureopticaldensity/absorbanceandthenconcentrationofthetestparameterunderrunaccurately.(ii)Microcontroller-basedhardwareFigurerepresentsthebasicmodulesofthesystem；alightsource,anopticalmodule,afilterwheel,aquartzcuvettewithreactionmixture,aphotodetector,andsignalprocessingcircuitrybasedonmicr计算这些数字值[]...算法该仪器研制工程有四个不同模式，如浓度（终点），

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