bit-serialmultiplierachievingabout/themultiplicationrateofanequivalentparallelmultiplieronaverage,evenexceedingtheperformanceoftheparallelmultiplierinsomecases.Fig..Blockdiagramsofbasicmultiplieralternatives.FPGAmultiplicationresultsTableliststheperformanceofseveralmultipliersimplementedonthreedifferentFPGAs.TheFPGAsusedwereaXilinx,anAlteraFlex,andaNationalSemiconductorCLAy.ThefirsttwoFPGAscanbecharacterizedasmedium-grainedarchitecturesandareapproximatelyequivalentinlogic-densitywhilethelastFPGAisafine-grainedarchitectureutilizingsmallerbutmorenumerouscells.ThemultiplicationrateofeachmultiplierislistedinMHzaswellasthepercentageoftheFPGArequiredtoimplementthemultiplier.Thebit-serialmultipliershavelistedboththeirclockrate(bit-rate)andtheireffectivemultiplicationrate(clockrate/N)..MultipliertablecontentsThemajorityofthemultipliersinthisstudyusedcommonarchi闭芯片。